The report was prepared within the framework of the project Albatros II – MENA – Countering Disinformation and Information Threats Targeting Democratic Values and Institutions, Damaging International Relations, and Negatively Affecting the Image of Poland in Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt. Assessment of the Impact of Disinformation and Propaganda on MENA Societies — Report, Defence Strategies, and Implementation of Recommendations.

This report presents a multi-dimensional analysis of the Iraqi information environment, taking into account its social, cultural, and political context. It provides a detailed discussion of the impact of traditional and modern media on the shaping of public opinion, while also highlighting the significance of the activities of various ethno-religious groups (Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, Turkmens), political organisations, as well as state and non-state institutions. The authors of the report also characterised the dynamics of external informational influences conducted by other states and international actors, who exploit social and religious sensitivities in order to promote their own narratives and interests.

The study consists of ten chapters, enabling the reader to gain a comprehensive picture of the Iraqi media landscape. The report begins with a discussion of local media outlets (state-owned, private, regional — with particular emphasis on Iraqi Kurdistan — as well as those affiliated with religious groups and minorities). The following chapters focus on the perception and reception of information within Iraqi society, as well as on key areas of threats and manipulation, with particular emphasis on external economic, ideological, and geopolitical influences. An important element of the report is the discussion of issues related to local psychosocial sensitivities — war trauma, political and economic instability, and complex tribal relations. The conclusion includes recommendations useful in understanding and countering disinformation efforts directed especially at shaping perceptions of the West and Poland within Iraq’s information space.

The analysis presented in the report demonstrates that the Iraqi media market is highly diverse and strongly politicised. Control over the circulation of information is distributed between state institutions and private, party-affiliated, and ethno-sectarian broadcasters. Deep divisions within society — both religious-sectarian and political — remain a significant factor. The report highlights that young audiences dominate Iraqi society and increasingly rely on online sources of information, including social media. However, this “digital” generation is exposed to a growing number of disinformation narratives, particularly in sensitive areas (such as religion, social norms, or history).

The conclusions drawn from the study are useful for media observers, analysts, decision-makers, and all actors interested in the information security of Iraq. This report is the result of research into the mechanisms of propagandistic influence in the country and may serve as a basis for planning activities aimed at countering harmful external influences. With an awareness of evolving realities and internal tensions, it enables better preparation for the challenges posed by Iraq’s contemporary information environment.